Flag Emblem Motto "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit) ??????? ????  (Devanagari) "Truth Alone Triumphs"[1] Anthem ?? ?? ?? (Jana Gana Mana) Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people[2] National Song[3] ????? ?????? (Vande Mataram) I bow to thee, Mother![4]

Capital New Delhi Largest city Mumbai Official Languages: Scheduled Languages: Hindi, English Hindi in the Devanagari script is the official language of the union[5] and English the 'subsidiary official language'.[6] 8th Schedule: Assamese Bengali Bodo Dogri Gujarati Hindi Kannada Kashmiri Konkani Maithili Malayalam Manipuri Marathi Nepali Oriya Punjabi Sanskrit Santali Sindhi Tamil Telugu Urdu[7] Demonym Indian Government Federal republic[8]  -  President Pratibha Patil  -  Prime Minister Manmohan Singh Independence from the United Kingdom   -  Declared 15 August 1947   -  Republic 26 January 1950  Area  -  Total 3,287,590‡ km? (7th) 1,269,346 sq mi   -  Water (%) 9.56 Population  -  2007 estimate 1.12 billion[8] (2nd)  -  2001 census 1,027,015,248   -  Density 329 /km? (31st) 852 /sq mi GDP (PPP) 2006 estimate  -  Total 4,156 trillion[8] (4th)  -  Per capita 3,737 (118th) GDP (nominal) 2007 estimate  -  Total 1,0 trillion (12th)  -  Per capita 820 (132th) Gini? (1999-2000) 32.5[9] (medium)  HDI (2006) 0.611 (medium) (126th) Currency Indian Rupee (?) (INR) Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)  -  Summer (DST) not observed (UTC+5:30) Internet TLD .in[8] Calling code +91 Non-numbered Footnotes: * This is the name Bharat, the Hindi name of India, written in the Devanagari script; see also other official names ‡ This is the figure as per the United Nations though the Indian government lists the total area as 3,287,260 square kilometers.[10]    

This article is about the modern Republic of India. For other uses, see India (disambiguation). India (Hindi: ???? Bharat; see also other names), officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ???? ??????? Bharat Ga?arajya), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world.[11] Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east, India has a coastline of over 7000 kilometres.[8] It borders Pakistan to the west;[12] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Indonesia. Home to the Indus Valley civilization and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history.[13] Four major world religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated here, while Islam, Christianity, Judaism and Zoroastrianism arrived in the first millennium CE and shaped the region's variegated culture. Gradually annexed by the British East India Company from the early eighteenth century and colonised by the United Kingdom from the mid-nineteenth century, India became a modern nation-state in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by widespread use of nonviolent resistance as a means of social protest. India is the world's 4th largest economy in terms of purchasing power and the 12th largest economy at market exchange rates. As India continues to make rapid economic progress, the country's standard of living is projected to rise sharply in the next half-century. A pluralistic, multi-lingual, and multi-ethnic society, India is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats.